アメリカでの電力自由化年表:1994年以来の歴史を一覧ふうにまとめてあります。出典はページ末にあります。
National(全国的な動き)
April 1994
June 29, 1994
January 1995
March 29, 1995
April 24, 1995
July 1995 |
January 25, 1996 Senator Bennett Johnston (D-Louisiana) introduces The Electricity Competition Act of 1996, which called for full recovery of stranded costs and mandated retail wheeling.
January 1996
February 1996
February 7, 1996
April 24, 1996
May 28, 1996
July 11, 1996 The Electric Power and Consumer Choice Act of 1996 is introduced by Representative Markey to establish guidelines under which electric utilities could become exempt from the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 and customers would be granted choice.
August 21, 1996
September 23, 1996
September 28, 1996
October 4, 1996 |
October 29, 1996 Texas PUC releases its stranded electric investment draft.
December 3, 1996
January 31, 1997
February 10, 1997
April 8, 1997 April 17, 1997 Representative Peter DeFazio (D-Oregon) introduces House Bill 1359. The bill calls for the creation of a national electric system public benefits fund through tax on generation. The benefits fund would match funding for state programs or research supporting energy efficiency, renewable energy, universal and affordable service. HB 1359 also requires electric utilities to meet new national emissions standards. April 22, 1997 Senator Alfonse D’Amato (R-New York) introduces Senate Bill 621. The bill proposes a repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA), placing public power under the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) jurisdiction and expanding FERC’s authority to include broad access to gas and electric holding company books and records. May 1, 1997 Senate Bill 687 (the Senate version of HB 1359) – is introduced by Senator James Jeffords (R-Vermont). May 8, 1997 Senator Craig Thomas (R-West Virginia) introduces Senate Bill 722, which proposes to place public power under FERC jurisdiction and empowers states’ authority over retail supply, including retail sales to federal facilities and universal service. SB 772 also calls for a wires charge to finance the recovery of utilities’ stranded costs. |
June 19, 1997 Representative Markey introduces Electricity Competition and Consumer Choice Act of 1997, to make federal power marketing agencies and non-jurisdictional transmission owners subject to the requirements of FERC Order 888 and 889. July 1, 1997 The Utility Restructuring Act of 1996, Rhode Island’s retail choice law, is implemented. Approved by the Rhode Island House of Representatives on June 11, 1996 and by the State Senate less than one month later, the Utility Restructuring Act is the nation’s first comprehensive legislation enacted on electric utility industry restructuring. Government, new commercial and industrial accounts with loads exceeding 200 kilowatts (kW) and existing manufacturers with annual average demand exceeding 1.5 megawatts (MW) are the first to be phased into direct access.
July 1997 October 1997 The Illinois Senate passes House Bill 362, which calls for the restructuring of the state’s electric utility industry during the summer of 1998. HB 362 calls for a 15 percent reduction in utility rates for residential customers beginning August 1998, but does not allow customers to choose their electricity supplier until 2000. October 8, 1997 Senator Jeff Bingaman (D-New Mexico) introduces Senate Bill 1276, which clarifies states’ authority to implement retail competition and prohibits their barring recovery of Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) contract cost. The bill expands FERC’s authority over all transmission to establish and enforce national reliability standards and transmission siting. The bill also permits FERC to establish regional transmission systems and independent system operators (ISOs). October 15, 1997 Electric utility industry restructuring in Vermont hits a major roadblock when a special committee of the Vermont House of Representatives opposes developing retail choice legislation. The 12-member committee, which had been hearing testimony on restructuring since August 1997, instead unanimously instructs its staff to concentrate on a bill to introduce performance-based rate making to lower power costs in the state. November 1, 1997 The Pennsylvania customer choice pilot program begins. Twenty-six electricity suppliers are approved by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission to participate in the statewide program. More than 278,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers (5 percent from each customer class) from the state’s eight investor-owned utilities are eligible, making it the country’s largest pilot program. November 7, 1997 Senator Dale Bumpers (D-Arkansas) and Slade Gorton (R-Washington) introduce Senate Bill 1401. The bill mandates full retail competition by Jan. 1, 2002, and provides for full stranded cost recovery. November 25, 1997 Massachusetts acting Governor Paul Cellucci signs House Bill 5117. The bill calls for direct access to begin in Massachusetts on March 1, 1998 and includes a 10 percent rate cut for customers. It also guarantees the recovery of all past investments in utilities’ generating facilities. FERC approves a major East Coast electric power pool’s restructuring plan establishing an ISO and providing open access transmission service on a pool-wide basis under "non-pancaked" rates. It marks the third ISO approved by FERC. FERC leaves intact key elements of its Open Access Rule – Order No. 888 – and reaffirms is commitment to open access and stranded cost rules. December 1, 1997 The California Public Utility Commission launches an $89.3 million public education program to help Californians understand deregulation and how restructuring will affect the state’s electric utility industry. December 22, 1997 The California Power Exchange (PX) and California ISO announce a delay in the start of direct access in California, which was scheduled to begin Jan. 1, 1998. According to PX and ISO officials, tests of computer and communications systems disclosed that the systems were unable to properly track the transactions of electricity customers and suppliers in a competitive marketplace. December 29, 1997 PX and ISO officials announce direct access will begin in California March 31, 1998. December 31, 1997 Maryland’s Public Service Commission votes to delay opening the state’s retail electricity market to competition by 15 months. The commission had issued an order allowing customers to begin choosing their electricity supplier on April 1, 1999. January 5, 1998 FERC announces a Feb. 20 public roundtable to consider procedures it might use to ensure reliability rules do not impede open and non-discriminatory access to transmission. January 8, 1998 The Vermont Electric Cooperative says it will propose a plan to begin retail choice in its territory by late 1998 without waiting for Vermont lawmakers to act on a restructuring bill. The cooperative believes it can begin choice without new legislation since it will not compete in other utility service areas and has no stranded costs to recover. January 23, 1998 Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Mississippi) predicts that Congress probably will not act significantly on electric utility industry restructuring until 1999. He expects to bring up a bill to repeal PUHCA before the April recess. February 3, 1998 Members of the Alliance to Protect Electricity Consumers urge members of the U.S. Senate to vote against Senator D’Amato’s proposed legislation to effectively repeal PUHCA. March 1998 House Commerce Committee Chairman Thomas J. Bliley (R-Virginia) pushes for the creation of a Congressional Electricity Caucus to "spearhead efforts to reach consensus on comprehensive legislation to give all consumers a choice of electricity suppliers." Six governors from states with heavy municipal utility presence form the Governors' Public Power Alliance and call for removal of federal barriers to public power's participation in a restructured industry. FERC ISO Roundtable is scheduled for April 15 and 16 to examine whether any changes to its policies that affect the development of the ISOs are appropriate in order to promote competition and reliability in bulk power markets. The Maryland State Senate passes a deregulation bill that will enable customers to select their electricity supplier by July 3, 2002. Legislation that provides assistance for low-income families and addresses tax issued raised by restructuring must be developed before direct access can be implemented. The Virginia State Senate approves legislation to deregulate the state's electric power industry. Sponsored by Democratic Senator Jackson Reasor Jr., the bill calls for direct access to begin by January 1, 2004. |
Reliant
Energy HL&P Deregulation Chronology
リライアント エネルギー HL&P社の電力自由化年表 HL&P launches a five-year strategic marketing plan to better meet the changing needs of retail customers in a competitive environment. The plan results in a stronger key account management of large commercial and industrial customers and the development of new products and services. June 1995 HL&P’s San Jacinto Steam Electric Station, the first utility-owned cogeneration facility in Texas, begins commercial operation on schedule and within budget. The plant is created as an efficient alternative to serve the customer’s steam needs and produce low-cost electricity for all HL&P customers. August 31, 1995 The Texas Public Utility Commission (PUC) approves Houston Industries (HI) Unit’s rate settlement that reduces HL&P’s annual base revenues by $62 million. February 12, 1996 HI announces the restructuring of its organization into five strategic business units, including HL&P Energy Services and HL&P Energy Production, two non-regulated lines of business, to better serve the needs of its customers. May 1996 HI forms HL&P Energy Services, a non-regulated retail marketing strategic business unit, to serve a broader range of customers on a nationwide basis. May 2, 1996 HL&P files an application with the PUC to obtain an experimental hourly variable pricing (HVP) tariff for commercial and industrial customers. The HVP rate will enable HL&P to set prices on an hourly basis to reflect its current marginal costs. Customers can respond to the advance notice of posted prices by shifting their electric consumption to lower cost periods. May 21, 1996 HI Energy and an international consortium of investors acquire Rio de Janeiro’s electric distribution system for $2 billion. |
June 10, 1996
HL&P and 21 other entities with an interest in state electric service file a plan that would reorganize the Electric Reliability Council of Texas into an Independent System Operator. August 12, 1996 HL&P announces its acquisition of NorAm Energy Corp., the nation’s third largest natural gas utility, for $4 billion. September 6, 1996 President Charles Crisp of Tejas Gas Corp., one of the largest intrastate gatherers, transporters and marketers of natural gas, joins HL&P as executive vice president and general manager of its Energy Production strategic business unit. September 11, 1996 HL&P Energy Services signs a five-year leased lighting contract with CenterAmerica Property Trust, a Houston-based real estate investment trust that specializes in development and management of retail shopping centers. The contract is part of a $4 million renovation project in Merchant’s Park Shopping Center in the Heights. October 21, 1996 HL&P is selected as one of eight national utilities by Sears, Roebuck & Co. for a first-of-its-kind energy alliance. The partnership enables HL&P to provide energy services designed to improve energy efficiencies and reduce operating costs at Sears’ facilities, as well as develop advanced energy supply options for the retailer. HL&P will also develop a technical learning center at a selected Houston-area Sears store, showcasing its energy management technologies, programs and services. January 9, 1997 HI reorganizes its management team as it prepares to combine its operations with NorAm Energy Corp. R. Steve Letbetter, president of HL&P, is named the parent company’s president and chief operating officer. In this capacity, Letbetter will oversee HI’s three new operating divisions: HI Power Generation; HI Retail Energy Group; and HI Trading and Transportation Group. August 6, 1997 Houston Industries announces the completion of its acquisition of NorAm Energy Corp., the parent company of Entex. The acquisition creates the fourth largest U.S. electric and gas company, with more than 3.6 million customers in six states.
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Energy HL&P |